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The test would benefit those patients who are unlikely to benefit from a commonly used immunotherapy.

Currently, 30-40 per cent of individuals have no benefit from the standard immunotherapy treatment, and they are only identified once therapy has failed, often six months or longer later. 

The pilot study, conducted under the supervision of Professor Florian Kern, Chair of Immunology at , shows that a test measuring the release of the pro-inflammatory molecule, Interleukin-2, from immune cells performed before therapy appears to immediately identify about 50 per cent of the patients who will not benefit from the treatment. Overall, the test correctly predicted therapy outcome in almost 80 per cent of cases. 

Bladder cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide and predominantly affects older men, with hundreds of thousands of cases every year. The majority present with early bladder cancer that has not yet infiltrated the muscular layer of the bladder and this is treated by removing the tumour. Subsequent instillation of live bacteria, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which is also used in the tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, given in several cycles over one year, reduces the otherwise high recurrence and progression rates.

Professor Florian Kern

The BSMS report suggests that the immune response to Tuberculin, widely used in TB testing, may help identify those who will benefit or not from BCG immunotherapy. 

Lead author, Dr Samer Jallad, urologist previously at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust and now at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, said: “Our results suggest that a test predicting the outcome of BCG immunotherapy may be within reach. This would be extremely useful for making the best choices for our patients and using alternative treatments for those who are unlikely to benefit. If confirmed in a larger study, this test could save tens of thousands of patients valuable time and the negative experience of undergoing eventually unsuccessful therapy.” 

Professor Kern added: “The simplicity of our new test makes it very attractive as a clinical test. There are several tests for TB that are ultimately based on the same test principle and have been rolled out across the world in recent times.”